[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/zazraky-prirody-kdy-barvu-zvirete-ovlivnuje-melanin\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/zazraky-prirody-kdy-barvu-zvirete-ovlivnuje-melanin\/","headline":"Z\u00e1zraky p\u0159\u00edrody: kdy barvu zv\u00ed\u0159ete ovliv\u0148uje melanin","name":"Z\u00e1zraky p\u0159\u00edrody: kdy barvu zv\u00ed\u0159ete ovliv\u0148uje melanin","description":"Alb\u00edni, tedy jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nedostatek tmav\u00e9ho pigmentov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra, tedy melaninu, jsou velice zn\u00e1m\u00ed. Mezi nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kousky pat\u0159\u00ed geneticky upraven\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd tygr. My v\u0161ak zn\u00e1me i naprost\u00fd opak v\u00fdskytu melaninu, a to jeho nadbytek, takzvan\u00fd melanismus, kter\u00fd je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm a tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00fdm jevem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Melanismus a jak vznik\u00e1 Jedn\u00e1 se o<a class=\"continue-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/zazraky-prirody-kdy-barvu-zvirete-ovlivnuje-melanin\/\">...(P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst \u010dl\u00e1nek)<\/a>","datePublished":"2023-05-06","dateModified":"2023-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d693d76da4b3c2905ed32515295d3c5b2b37600a891f276917d3d592948bcc60?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d693d76da4b3c2905ed32515295d3c5b2b37600a891f276917d3d592948bcc60?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hastall.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"url":"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/zazraky-prirody-kdy-barvu-zvirete-ovlivnuje-melanin\/","wordCount":389,"articleBody":"Alb\u00edni, tedy jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nedostatek tmav\u00e9ho pigmentov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra, tedy melaninu, jsou velice zn\u00e1m\u00ed. Mezi nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kousky pat\u0159\u00ed geneticky upraven\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd tygr. My v\u0161ak zn\u00e1me i naprost\u00fd opak v\u00fdskytu melaninu, a to jeho nadbytek, takzvan\u00fd melanismus, kter\u00fd je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm a tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00fdm jevem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.Melanismus a jak vznik\u00e1Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u016fvodn\u011b \u0159eck\u00e9 slovo melanos, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 \u010dern\u00fd. Melanismus jako v\u00fdskyt \u010dern\u00fdch jedinc\u016f jednoho druhu zv\u00ed\u0159ete, se vyzna\u010duje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu melaninu v\u00a0t\u011ble, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na k\u016f\u017ei a srsti \u010di pe\u0159\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch kus\u016f zv\u011b\u0159e. Nejedn\u00e1 se tedy o poddruh zv\u00ed\u0159ete, jako je tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad u ko\u010dek dom\u00e1c\u00edch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed takov\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b, ale jde o pouhou genetickou zm\u011bnu ve stejn\u00e9m druhu, jedn\u00e1 se doopravdy jenom o tu barvu, respektive o jej\u00ed zm\u011bnu, stejn\u011b jako u alb\u00edn\u016f.\tPro\u010d tmav\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed?Zat\u00edmco alb\u00edni jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou odsouzeni k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee \u017eij\u00ed na okraji sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1da nebo sme\u010dky, a jsou tak\u00e9 velmi snadnou ko\u0159ist\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b podl\u00e9haj\u00ed nemocem v\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u011bku, melani\u010dt\u00ed jedinci maj\u00ed naopak velmi siln\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a rozmno\u017een\u00ed se. Je jednoduch\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit pro\u010d \u2013 maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed zbarven\u00ed a l\u00e9pe se mohou maskovat ve tm\u011b. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 tak\u00e9 je, \u017ee tmav\u011b zbarven\u00ed jedinci jsou ve zbytku osazenstva sv\u00e9ho druhu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni velice pozitivn\u011b a na rozd\u00edl od alb\u00edn\u016f nemaj\u00ed probl\u00e9m se za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm do reproduktivn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti \u017eivota. Nav\u00edc jsou odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv\u016fm UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.\tLevharti a \u010dern\u00ed pante\u0159iMelanismus u levhart\u016f je \u010dasto myln\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za poddruh levharta nebo jagu\u00e1ra. To v\u0161ak nen\u00ed pravda. \u010cern\u00ed pante\u0159i jsou pouze melaninem ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed levharti nebo jagu\u00e1\u0159i, nikoli zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed poddruhy. \u010cern\u00e1 puma neexistuje, je to jenom amat\u00e9rsk\u00fd pojem. Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad u pumy americk\u00e9 nebyl nikdy melanismus potvrzen.\tJak\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata trp\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji melanismem?&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Levharti a jagu\u00e1\u0159i&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vlci&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Veverky&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sova p\u00e1len\u00e1&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krokod\u00fdli&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u017d\u00e1by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.3\/5 - (3 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Z\u00e1zraky p\u0159\u00edrody: kdy barvu zv\u00ed\u0159ete ovliv\u0148uje melanin","item":"https:\/\/www.hastall.cz\/zazraky-prirody-kdy-barvu-zvirete-ovlivnuje-melanin\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]